‎Immigration to Brazil

COMPETENCES ASSIGNED TO THE FOREIGN PERMANENCE DIVISION:

Permanent Permanence Grant

Visa transformation

Extension of stay periods

Authorization to Change Employer to holder of Temporary Visa V

Issuance of Certificate inherent to the process in progress in this Division

LEGISLATION

Law 6,815 / 80 as amended by Law 6,964 / 81

Decree 86.715 / 81

Ordinance No. 01, of March 27, 2003

Institutes deadline for appealing appeals against rejection decisions in requests for extension of temporary visa

Normative Resolutions of the National Immigration Council

TYPES OF STAY:

Granting permanent residence to Asylum or Refugee;

Granting Permanence to the holder of a Temporary Visa as a professor, technician or high-level researcher and foreign scientist;

Granting permanence to the foreigner who has lost his permanent status due to an uninterrupted absence for a period of more than two years;

Granting permanent permanence, based on a Brazilian spouse (s) or Brazilian child (a);

Granting permanent permanence, based on Family Reunion

Transformation of the provisional record into permanent permanence.

TYPES OF TRANSFORMATION:

Transformation of the Diplomatic or Official Visa, permanently;

Transformation of Temporary V Visa, in permanent;

Transformation of Temporary Visa VII, in permanent;

Transformation of the Diplomatic or Official Visa, into Temporary item I to VI.

EXTENSION

Extension of the stay of the bearer of the status of Asylum or Refugee;

Extension of Temporary Visa I (on cultural trip or study mission);

Extension of Temporary Visa IV (student)

Extension of temporary V visa (called foreign labor - employment contract);

Extension of Temporary VI visa (correspondent for a newspaper, magazine, radio, television or foreign news agency);

Extension of Temporary Visa VII (religious).

GEOGRAPHY OF BRAZIL

The immigration process in Brazil intensified from 1808, when a significant number of European immigrants arrived in the country.

PUBLICITY

The mark of immigration in Brazil can be seen especially in the culture and economy of the two richest Brazilian regions: Southeast and South.

Colonization was the initial objective of immigration in Brazil, aiming at the settlement and exploitation of the land through agrarian activities. The creation of the colonies stimulated rural work. Immigrants are due to implement new and better agricultural techniques, such as crop rotation, as well as the habit of consuming more vegetables. The cultural influence of the immigrant is also notable.

History

Immigration started in Brazil from 1530, when a relatively organized system of occupation and exploration of the new land began to be established. The trend intensified from 1534, when the territory was divided into hereditary captaincies and important social nuclei were formed in São Vicente and Pernambuco. It was a movement that was both a colonizer and a settler, as it contributed to forming the population that would become Brazilian, especially in a process of miscegenation that incorporated Portuguese, blacks and indigenous people.

Portuguese immigration

The creation of the government-general in 1549 attracted many Portuguese to Bahia. Since then, migration has become more constant. The Portuguese movement to Brazil was relatively small in the 16th century, but it grew during the next hundred years and reached expressive figures in the 18th century. Although Brazil was, at the time, a domain of Portugal, this process had, in reality, a sense of immigration.

The discovery of gold and diamond mines in Minas Gerais was the major factor of migratory attraction. It is estimated that in the first fifty years of the 18th century, more than 900,000 people entered Minas alone. In the same century, there was another migratory movement: that of Azoreans to Santa Catarina, Rio Grande do Sul and the Amazon, states in which they founded nuclei that later became prosperous cities.

The colonists, in the early days, established contact with an indigenous population in constant nomadism. The Portuguese, although possessing more advanced technical knowledge, had to accept numerous indigenous values ​​indispensables for adapting to the new environment. The indigenous legacy became an element of the formation of the Brazilian. The new culture incorporated the river bath, the use of cassava in the diet, baskets of vegetable fibers and a large number of native vocabularies, mainly Tupi, associated with things from the land: toponymy, vegetables and fauna, for example. The indigenous populations did not participate fully, however, in the implanted sedentary agriculture process, as their pattern of economy involved the constant change from one place to another. Hence the colonist resorted to African labor.

African element

Thus came the third important group that would participate in the formation of the Brazilian population: the African black. It is impossible to specify the number of slaves brought during the period of the slave trade, from the 16th to the 19th century, but it is admitted that about 4 million blacks were brought from Africa to be enslaved. African blacks contributed to the population and economic development of Brazil and became, through miscegenation, an inseparable part of their people. Africans spread throughout the Brazilian territory, in sugar mills, cattle farms, mining camps, extractive sites, cotton plantations, coffee farms and urban areas. His presence was projected throughout the human and cultural formation of Brazil with work techniques, music and dances, religious practices, food and clothing.

Spanish, French, Jews

The entry of foreigners into Brazil was prohibited by Portuguese legislation in the colonial period, but that did not prevent Spaniards from arriving between 1580 and 1640, when the two crowns were united; Jews (mainly from the Iberian Peninsula), English, French and Dutch. Sporadically, English, Italian or German scientists, missionaries, navigators and pirates traveled to Brazil.

19th century immigration

Immigration itself took place from 1808, on the eve of independence, when a permanent flow of Europeans settled in Brazil, which was accentuated with the founding of the colony of Nova Friburgo, in the province of Rio de Janeiro, in 1818, and that of São Leopoldo, in Rio Grande do Sul, in 1824. Two thousand Swiss and one thousand Germans settled in Brazil at that time, encouraged by the opening of ports to friendly nations. Other attempts to settle Irish and Germans, especially in the Northeast, have completely failed. Although the concession of land to foreigners was authorized, the latifundium prevented the implantation of small rural properties and slavery hindered free labor.

salaried.

In the characterization of the immigration process in Brazil there are three periods that correspond respectively to the peak, the decline and the extinction of slavery.

The first period runs from 1808, when the importation of Africans was free, until 1850, when the prohibition of trafficking was enacted. From 1850 to 1888, the second period was marked by progressive measures for the extinction of slavery (Lei do Ventre Livre, Lei do Sexagenários, manumeria and, finally, Lei Áurea), as a result of which migratory currents started to move towards the Brazil, especially for areas where the slave arm was less important. The third period, which lasted until the middle of the 20th century, began in 1888, when slavery was extinguished, free labor gained social expression and immigration grew notably, preferably in the South, but also in São Paulo, where until then coffee farming was based on slave labor.

After abolition, in just ten years (from 1890 to 1900) more than 1.4 million immigrants entered Brazil, twice the number of entries in the previous eighty years (1808-1888).

The diversification of migratory currents by nationality is also accentuated, a fact that had already occurred in the last years of the previous period. In the 20th century, the migratory flow showed irregularities, due to external factors - the two world wars, the post-war European recovery, the Japanese crisis - and, equally, due to internal factors. At the beginning of the 20th century, for example, there was a departure in São Paulo for immigrants, especially Italians, to Argentina. At the same time, there was the beginning of Japanese immigration, which would reach great significance in fifty years. In the 1950 census, the Japanese constituted the fourth colony in Brazil in number of immigrants, with 10.6% of foreigners registered.

Immigrant distribution

There are two types of distribution of immigrants in the country, with effects on assimilation processes. The first type of "concentration" can be called, in which immigrants are located in colonies, as in Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina and Paraná. In this case, immigrants did not maintain contact, at first, with nationals, but the approximation occurs as colonization grows and the need for commercialization of colony products arises. The second type, which can be called "dispersion", occurred in the coffee farms of São Paulo and in the cities, mainly Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo.

In these areas, the immigrant, since his arrival, kept in contact with the national population, which facilitated their assimilation.

The main groups of immigrants in Brazil are Portuguese, Italians, Spanish, Germans and Japanese, who represent more than eighty percent of the total. Until the end of the 20th century, the Portuguese appeared as the dominant group, with more than thirty percent, which is natural, given their affinity with the Brazilian population. It is the Italians, then, the group that has greater participation in the migratory process, with almost thirty percent of the total, concentrated, mainly in the state of São Paulo, where the largest Italian colony of the country is located. Next are the Spaniards, with more than ten percent, the Germans, with more than five, and the Japanese, with almost five percent of the total immigrants.

Immigrant contribution

In the urbanization process, the contribution of the immigrant is noted, sometimes with the transformation of old nuclei into cities (São Leopoldo, Novo Hamburgo, Caxias, Farroupilha, Itajaí, Brusque, Joinville, Santa Felicidade etc.), sometimes with their presence in urban activities of commerce or services, with street vending, on the streets, as happened in São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro.

Other colonies founded in various parts of Brazil throughout the 19th century have become important urban centers. This is the case of Holambra SP, created by the Dutch; Blumenau SC, established by German immigrants led by the physician Hermann Blumenau; and Americana SP, originally formed by confederates emigrated from the southern United States as a result of the secession war. German immigrants also settled in Minas Gerais, in the current municipalities of Teófilo Otoni and Juiz de Fora, and in Espírito Santo, where today it is the municipality of Santa Teresa.

In all the colonies, the role played by the immigrant as an introducer of techniques and activities that spread around the colonies also stands out. The immigrant also owes other contributions in different sectors of Brazilian activity.

One of the most significant is in the industrialization process of the states in the southern region of the country, where rural handicrafts in the colonies grew up to become a small or medium industry. In São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro, enriched immigrants contributed to the investment of capital in the productive sectors.

The contribution of the Portuguese deserves special mention, as the constant presence ensured the continuity of values ​​that were basic in the formation of Brazilian culture.

The French influenced the arts, literature, education and social habits, in addition to the games now incorporated into children's play. Especially in São Paulo, the influence of Italians on architecture is great. They are also due to a pronounced influence on cuisine and customs, these translated by a heritage in the religious, musical and recreational area.

The Germans contributed to the industry with various activities and, in agriculture, they brought the cultivation of rye and alfalfa. The Japanese brought soy, as well as the culture and use of vegetables. The Lebanese and other Arabs divulged their rich cuisine in Brazil.

Immigration in Brazil gained strength during the 19th century