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Amazon

 

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The Amazon comprises a set of ecosystems that involve the hydrographic basin of the Amazon River, as well as the Amazon Forest; it is considered the region with the greatest biodiversity on the planet and the largest biome in Brazil. It is not exclusively Brazilian, and is therefore found in other countries.

 

Summary

The Amazon is considered the region with the greatest biodiversity on the planet.

 

The Amazon biome is not exclusive to the Brazilian territory, covering areas from other countries.

 

It comprises the set of ecosystems that correspond to the Amazon Forest, the largest tropical forest in the world, and also the Amazon Basin, the largest hydrographic basin on the planet.

 

The fauna is extremely rich and has more than 30 million species.

 

The flora of the Amazon is quite diverse, consisting of trees, herbs, shrubs, lianas and vines.

 

About 17% of the biome has been devastated in the last 50 years.

 

Don't stop now ... There's more after the publicity;)

 

Features

Location

 

Brazil, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, French Guiana, Peru, Suriname and Venezuela.

 

Area

 

Considering the coverage in other countries, the biome has about 6.9 million km2.

 

In Brazil: 4,196,943 million km2, according to the IBGE.

 

Population

 

Approximately 33 million inhabitants, including about 1.6 million indigenous people.

 

States covered in Brazil

 

It occupies approximately 49.29% of the Brazilian territory, in the states of Acre, Amapá, Amazonas, Pará, Roraima, Rondônia, Mato Grosso, Maranhão and Tocantins.

 

 

Vegetation and flora

The Amazon is home to the Amazon Forest, considered the largest tropical forest in the world, covering an area of ​​more than 5 million km2. The forest has a high number of species (animals and plants), so it is rich in biodiversity.

 

The vegetation, in general, is characterized by a dense forest and the presence of large trees. The biome has about 3,650,000 km² of continuous forests. Specifically, vegetation is classified into three categories:

 

Dryland forest: vegetation located in regions of higher altitudes, these are, therefore, characterized by no flooding and their vegetation is always dry. There are large trees, such as chestnut, palm and mahogany.

 

Mata de igapó: vegetation located in lower altitudes, which are flooded practically all the time. There is low vegetation, such as mosses and shrubs. In these forests, it is possible to find the water lily, an aquatic plant, symbol of the Amazon biome.

 

Lowland forests: vegetation located in regions of intermediate altitudes that are flooded at a certain time of the year. The highest areas remain flooded for less time. Lower areas, on the other hand, remain flooded for a longer time. The species found in these areas are similar to those found in the igapó forests, also showing trees up to 40 meters high.

 

A survey carried out in the Amazon revealed that the biome has about 14,003 species of plants that are divided into trees, herbs, shrubs, lianas and vines. Of this total, about 76% is in Brazil. | 1 | The flora has a high medicinal and economic potential. It is possible to find species of bromeliads and orchids, as well as rubber and buritis, among other plants and trees.

 

Also read: Orchids

 

The water lily is a symbol of the Amazon biome and is found in the igapó forests.

The water lily is a symbol of the Amazon biome and is found in the igapó forests.

 

Fauna

The fauna of the Amazon is extremely rich. Studies indicate that it is possible to find about 30 million animal species in the region, and despite that, the fauna of this biome is not fully known. It is composed mainly of birds, rodents, reptiles, insects and amphibians. Toucans, macaws, parrots, monkeys, jaguars, alligators and manatees are symbols of this biome.

 

The toucan is one of the most beautiful representatives of the Amazon fauna.

The toucan is one of the most beautiful representatives of the Amazon fauna.

 

Climate

The predominant climate in the Amazon is humid equatorial. It is a region characterized by long periods of rain, with rainfall rates that vary between 1,500 mm and 3,600 mm per year. Air humidity is high, reaching 80%, and temperatures vary between 22ºC and 28ºC.

 

Hydrography

The Amazon River is the main river in the Amazon basin.

The Amazon River is the main river in the Amazon basin.

 

The Amazon covers the region of the Amazon basin, considered the largest hydrographic basin on the planet, occupies more than 7 million km2. The main river is the Amazon River, which has more than 1,100 tributaries that flow into it.

 

Rivers are very